资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
加快构建网络空间命运共同体****** 光明日报评论员 作为世界互联网大会国际组织成立后的首届年会,以“共建网络世界 共创数字未来——携手构建网络空间命运共同体”为主题的2022年世界互联网大会乌镇峰会拉开帷幕。国家主席习近平向大会致贺信。习近平主席强调:“面对数字化带来的机遇和挑战,国际社会应加强对话交流、深化务实合作,携手构建更加公平合理、开放包容、安全稳定、富有生机活力的网络空间。”习近平主席提出的理念主张,充分体现了对数字化发展趋势的深刻洞察,对人类社会发展进步的深邃思考,为深化数字领域交流合作、构建网络空间命运共同体指明了方向。 当今时代数字技术作为世界科技革命和产业变革的先导力量,日益融入经济社会发展各领域全过程,深刻改变着生产方式、生活方式和社会治理方式。作为全球最大的发展中国家和网民数量最多的国家,中国立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局,建设网络强国、数字中国,在激发数字经济活力、推进数字生态建设、营造清朗网络空间、防范网络安全风险等方面不断取得新的成效,为高质量发展提供了有力的服务、支撑和保障,为构建网络空间命运共同体提供了坚实基础。前不久胜利闭幕的党的二十大,科学谋划未来5年乃至更长时期党和国家事业发展的目标任务和大政方针,对中国互联网发展作出更加清晰的战略部署。 当前,世界百年未有之大变局加速演进,新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展。同时,世纪疫情影响深远,逆全球化思潮抬头,单边主义、保护主义明显上升,世界经济复苏乏力,局部冲突和动荡频发,全球性问题加剧,世界进入新的动荡变革期。互联网领域发展不平衡、规则不健全、秩序不合理等问题日益凸显,网络霸权主义对世界和平与发展构成新的威胁。个别国家将互联网作为维护霸权的工具,滥用信息技术干涉别国内政,从事大规模网络窃密和监控活动,网络空间冲突对抗风险上升。 网络空间治理呼唤更加公平、合理、有效的解决方案,全球性威胁和挑战需要强有力的全球性应对。在贺信中,习近平主席强调,中国愿同世界各国一道,携手走出一条数字资源共建共享、数字经济活力迸发、数字治理精准高效、数字文化繁荣发展、数字安全保障有力、数字合作互利共赢的全球数字发展道路,加快构建网络空间命运共同体,为世界和平发展和人类文明进步贡献智慧和力量。 党的十八大以来,习近平主席以恢宏气魄和远见卓识,敏锐洞察全球互联网发展大势,深刻把握数字化、网络化、智能化的时代潮流,着眼信息时代人类的前途命运和共同福祉,深入思考构建什么样的网络空间、如何构建网络空间等重大课题,创造性提出构建网络空间命运共同体的理念主张,全面系统深入阐释了全球互联网发展治理的一系列重大理论和实践问题,为网络空间的未来擘画了美好愿景、指明了发展方向。在习近平主席关于网络强国的重要思想指引下,我国积极参与全球互联网发展治理,主动参与互联网国际技术标准制定、网络基础设施建设和网络空间国际治理体系建设,共同推动全球互联网发展治理迈向更高水平。 一枕临流水,一网通天下。这场江南水乡里的互联网盛会已走入第九个年头。从第二届世界互联网大会上,习近平主席首次向世界发出“构建网络空间命运共同体”倡议至今,“构建网络空间命运共同体”的内涵不断丰富发展,影响日益深远,已经成为国际社会的普遍共识。今年的乌镇峰会,将再一次为共建网络世界、共创数字未来,探索网络空间命运共同体的时代答案献智献策。 互联网是人类共同的家园。无论数字技术如何创新发展,无论国际环境如何风云变幻,每个人都在网络空间中休戚与共、命运相连。建设和维护一个和平、安全、合作、有序的网络空间,关系到人类文明进程和发展命运,是各国的共同期盼和愿望。让我们携起手来,走出全球数字发展新道路,开创人类更加美好的网络未来! 《光明日报》( 2022年11月10日 01版) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |